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1.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(11): 3773-3780, Nov. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-890200

ABSTRACT

Resumo As hemoglobinas variantes (Hb) decorrem de mutações nos genes da globina. As variantes estruturais mais frequentes são HbS, HbC, HbD e HbE. O gene da hemoglobina S tem frequência elevada na América, enquanto que no Brasil é maior no Sudeste e Nordeste. O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar a presença de hemoglobinas variantes em 15 comunidades quilombolas do estado do Piauí. Foram analisadas 1.239 amostras, nas quais as hemoglobinas foram triadas pela cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Aplicou-se questionário referente a gênero, etnia e consanguinidade das populações. Das 1.239 amostras, 5,4% apresentaram o traço falciforme AS, as doenças falciformes SS e SC apareceram em 0,8% do total, nas hemoglobinas AC, AD e DD. Das 1.069 pessoas negras, 84 apresentaram alteração das hemoglobinas; destas, 34 eram do sexo masculino e 53 do feminino. Ocorreu a presença de 13 casamentos consanguíneos dentre as 84 alterações das hemoglobinas. O estudo das hemoglobinas variantes em 15 comunidades remanescentes de quilombos do Piauí contribui para sua educação em saúde frente aos aspectos da herança genética destas proteínas, relevante questão de saúde pública, proporcionando subsídios para a implantação do Programa Estadual da Doença Falciforme do Piauí.


Abstract Hemoglobin variants (Hb) result from mutations in globin genes, with amino acid substitution in the polypeptide chain. Among the most common structural variants are HbS, HbC, HbD and HbE. The S hemoglobin gene is a high frequency gene across America and Brazil, where it is more frequent in the Southeast and Northeast. The scope of this article is to investigate the presence of hemoglobin variants in 15 quilombos (fugitive slave communities) of Piaui. The sample was of 1,239 people and hemoglobin was screened by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A questionnaire was applied related to gender, ethnicity and consanguinity. Of the samples analyzed, 5.4% had AS sickle cell trait, while SS and SC sickle cell anemia showed a rate of 0.8%, with AC, AD and DD hemoglobin. Of the 1,069 Afro-descendants, 84 revealed hemoglobin abnormalities, 34 being male 53 being female. There were 13 consanguineous marriages among the 84 hemoglobin alterations. The study of hemoglobin variants in 15 former quilombo communities in the state of Piaui contributes to their education in health in the aspects of genetic inheritance of hemoglobin, a relevant public health issue, providing input for the implementation of the State Program of Sickle Cell Disease of Piaui.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sickle Cell Trait/epidemiology , Hemoglobins/genetics , Ethnicity/genetics , Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology , Sickle Cell Trait/genetics , Genetic Variation , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Consanguinity , Amino Acid Substitution/genetics , Black or African American/genetics , Gene Frequency , Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics
2.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 52(2): 251-264, Apr.-June 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794999

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study aimed to obtain and characterize a microemulsion (ME) containing phenobarbital (PB). The PB was incorporated in the proportion of 5% and 10% in a microemulsion system containing Labrasol(r), ethanol, isopropyl myristate and purified water. The physicochemical characterization was performed and the primary stability of the ME was evaluated. An analytical method was developed using spectrophotometry in UV  = 242 nm. The kinetics of the in vitro release (Franz model) of the ME and the emulsion (EM) containing PB was evaluated. The incorporation of PB into ME at concentrations of 5 and 10% did not change pH and resistance to centrifugation. There was an increase in particle size, a decrease of conductivity and a change in the refractive index in relation to placebo ME. The ME remained stable in preliminary stability tests. The analytical method proved to be specific, linear, precise, accurate and robust. Regarding the kinetics of the in vitro release, ME obtained an in vitro release profile greater than the EM containing PB. Thus, the obtained ME has a potential for future transdermal application, being able to compose a drug delivery system for the treatment of epilepsy.


RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter e caracterizar uma microemulsão (ME) contendo fenobarbital (FEN). O FEN foi incorporado na proporção de 5% e 10% em um sistema microemulsionado composto por labrasol(r), etanol, miristato de isopropila e água purificada. Foi realizada a caracterização físico-química e avaliada a estabilidade preliminar da ME. Desenvolveu-se um método analítico por espectrofotometria em UV  = 242 nm. Foi avaliada a cinética de liberação in vitro (em modelo de Franz) da ME e da emulsão (EM) contendo FEN. A incorporação do FEN em ME nas concentrações de 5 e 10% não alterou o pH e a resistência à centrifugação. Houve aumento do tamanho da partícula, redução da condutividade e alteração do índice de refração em relação à ME placebo. A ME manteve-se estável nos ensaios de estabilidade preliminar. O método analítico demonstrou ser específico, linear, preciso, exato e robusto. Na cinética de liberação in vitro, a ME obteve um perfil de liberação in vitro superior a EM contendo FEN. Desta forma, a ME obtida tem potencial para uma futura aplicação transdérmica, podendo compor um sistema de liberação de fármacos para tratamento da epilepsia.


Subject(s)
Phenobarbital/pharmacokinetics , Emulsions/analysis , Quality Control , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet/methods , Kinetics , Nanotechnology/methods , Drug Liberation/drug effects
3.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-758432

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo validar métodos por espectrofotometria UV-Vis e por CLAE para a análise quantitativa de um derivado do tiofeno, o 2-[(3,4-dicloro-benzilideno)-amino]-5,6-diidro-4H-ciclopen-ta[b]tiofeno-3-carbonitrila (5CN05) e aplicá-los no doseamento da molécula contida em microemulsões, Os métodos propostos foram validados conforme a Resolução 899/2003 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), O comprimento de onda de máxima absorção do fármaco 5CN05 foi detectado em λ max= 387nm, O método espectrofotométrico validado mostrou-se seletivo, apresentando linearidade na faixa de 3 a 16 µg.mL-1, coeficiente de correlação (r) igual a 0,9998 e limites de detecção e quantificação de 0,12 µg.mL-1 e 0,41 µg.mL-1, respectivamente, Para o método CLAE, observou-se linearidade na faixa de 0,1 a 3,0 µg.mL-1, r = 0,99915, limites de detecção e quantificação de 0,07 µg.mL-1 e 0,10 µg.mL-1 respectivamente, Para ambos os métodos, os parâmetros precisão, exatidão e robustez mostraram-se adequados para o uso pretendido, As metodologias propostas podem ser seguramente aplicadas para quantificação do 5CN05 em produtos farmacêuticos como microemulsões...


This study aims to validate methods of Uv-Vis) and HPLC for quantitative determination of a thiophene derivative, 2 - [(3,4-dichloro -benzylidene)-amino] -5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopentyl-ta [b] thiophene-3- carbonitrile referred in this study as 5CN05, and apply them to quantify the 5CN05 in microemulsions. The proposed methods were validated according to the Resolution RE 899/2003 of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). The 5CN05 was detected by UV-Vis at λ max= 387nm. The validated UVVis UVVis method proved to be selective, showing linearity in the range of 3-16 µg.mL-1, correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9998 and limits of detection and quantification of 0.12 µg.mL-1 and 0.41 µg.mL-1 respectively. For the CLAE method the linearity was observed in the range 0.1 to 3.0 µg.mL-1, r = 0.99915, limits of detection and quantification of 0.07 µg.mL-1 and 0.10 µg.mL-1 respectively. For both UV-Vis and CLAE methods, the precision parameters, accuracy and robustness were adequate for the intended use. The proposed methodologies can be safely applied to quantify the 5CN05 in pharmaceutical microemulsions products...


Subject(s)
Humans , Antifungal Agents , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Thiophenes/analysis , Spectrophotometry/methods
4.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 45(2): 545-550, Apr.-June 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723119

ABSTRACT

Fungal infections have become a major problem of worldwide concern. Yeasts belonging to the Candida genus and the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans are responsible for different clinical manifestations, especially in immunocompromised patients. Antifungal therapies are currently based on a few chemotherapeutic agents that have problems related to effectiveness and resistance profiles. Microemulsions are isotropic, thermodynamically stable transparent systems of oil, water and surfactant that can improve the solubilization of lipophilic drugs. Taking into account the need for more effective and less toxic drugs along with the potential of thiophene derivatives as inhibitors of pathogenic fungi growth, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of a thiophene derivative (5CN05) embedded in a microemulsion (ME). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method using amphotericin B as a control. The formulations tested (ME- blank and ME-5CN05) showed physico-chemical properties that would allow their use by the topical route. 5CN05 as such exhibited moderate or weak antifungal activity against Candida species (MIC = 270-540 µg.mL-1) and good activity against C. neoformans (MIC = 17 µg.mL-1). Candida species were susceptible to ME-5CN05 (70-140 µg.mL-1), but C. neoformans was much more, presenting a MIC value of 2.2 µg.mL-1. The results of this work proved promising for the pharmaceutical industry, because they suggest an alternative therapy against C. neoformans.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida/drug effects , Cryptococcus neoformans/drug effects , Emulsions/pharmacology , Thiophenes/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
5.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-655400

ABSTRACT

Como parte integrante do conjunto de normas das boas práticas de fabricação de medicamentos, a validação de limpeza visa demonstrar a garantia da remoção de resíduos de produtos recém-fabricados, evitando a contaminação cruzada. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma estratégia para validação de limpeza de formas farmacêuticas sólidas, manipuladas por granulação úmida. Para tanto, foi escolhido a furosemida, um fármaco de ação diurética, apresentado na forma de comprimidos e produzido pelo Lafepe® (Recife-PE, Brasil). Para análise dos resíduos do fármaco, a coleta das amostras foi realizada por swab e os métodos de quantificação utilizados foram por espectrofotometria e por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, este último foi desenvolvido e validado pelo Lafepe®. Na detecção de resíduos de produtos de limpeza, a amostragem foi realizada por água de enxágüe, analisando o pH e a condutividade. O limite de aceitação da limpeza do princípio ativo foi de 8,26 miug mL-1 de furosemida no produto subseqüente e do detergente nos equipamentos foi de 10 ppm. Por conseguinte, observou-se que os resíduos dos contaminantes encontrados nos equipamentos após a limpeza foram inferiores aos limites de aceitação admitidos, o que assevera a eficácia e segurança da limpeza realizada na empresa.


As an integral part of the set of good practices in medicine fabrication, the purpose of cleaning validation is to guarantee the removal of remains of newly manufactured products and thus avoid cross-contamination. This article presents an approach to cleaning validation for the compounding of solid pharmaceutical forms by wet granulation. The method is demonstrated for furosemide, a diuretic drug, fabricated in the form of tablets by Lafepe® (Recife, PE, Brazil), in a multipurpose production line. To analyze drug residues left in the equipment after cleaning, samples were collected from surfaces by swab and traces of furosemide were quantitated by spectrophotometry and by a high performance liquid chromatography method developed and validated at the Lafepe® laboratories. To detect residues of detergent used in cleaning, the pH and conductivity of the final rinsing water were measured and compared with those of known dilutions. The acceptance cleaning limit of the active principle was 8.26 miug mL-1 of furosemide in the subsequent product and for the detergent it was 10 ppm in the last rinse of the equipment. The results showed that the residues of contaminants found in the equipment after cleaning were below the acceptable limits, which certifies the effectiveness and security of the cleaning practices in this company.


Subject(s)
Drug Contamination/prevention & control , Furosemide , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Tablets
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